Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, is the most common type of high blood pressure without any identifiable underlying cause. It develops gradually over time and is often influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors.
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by an underlying disease or medication, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Isolated systolic hypertension occurs when only the top number (systolic blood pressure) is consistently elevated while the bottom number (diastolic blood pressure) remains within a normal range.
White coat hypertension, also known as white coat syndrome, refers to elevated blood pressure readings, specifically in a clinical or medical setting. However, the blood pressure remains normal outside of medical environments.
Masked hypertension is the opposite of white-coat hypertension. In this condition, blood pressure readings appear normal in a clinical setting, but the individual experiences high blood pressure in everyday life.
Malignant hypertension is a severe and rapidly progressive form of high blood pressure. It is characterised by a significant increase in blood pressure levels that can lead to organ damage, such as kidney failure or stroke.
Resistant hypertension is high blood pressure that remains uncontrolled despite multiple medications. Causes include inadequate dosage, non-adherence to medications, underlying conditions, or lifestyle factors.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension includes gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. These conditions pose risks to both mother and fetus, requiring careful monitoring and management.
Renovascular hypertension is caused by narrowed or blocked arteries supplying blood to the kidneys. Reduced blood flow triggers hormone release, increasing blood pressure. It can result from conditions like renal artery stenosis or fibromuscular dysplasia.
Paediatric hypertension refers to high blood pressure in children and adolescents. It can be classified as either primary or secondary, with secondary hypertension often related to underlying medical conditions.
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