Blackheads (the open skin pores) and whiteheads (the closed skin pores) - both of which are also known as comedones, are hair follicles clogged with oil, dead skin cells and bacteria. The cause of these comedones is the blockage in the hair growth on the skin, which can either occur due to sebum production or skin debris. If a thin layer of skin accumulates on top of the collection of skin debris, that is a whitehead. And when the comedo is exposed to the environment, it becomes a blackhead.

People with acute acne and a combination of skin types are more prone to whiteheads and blackheads on the forehead, nose and chin region. Applying a thick layer of cosmetics can block the pores, causing an accumulation of sebum in the specified areas. Also, using excessive hair oil can block the pores on the forehead and temple region, leading to whiteheads and blackheads. The occurrence of comedones is also common among people who sweat profusely.

A common method of getting rid of these comedones is to compress and force them out, but Dermatologist Dr. Aanchal Panth, MD, lays out better ways of treating them.

Use Salicylic Acid Face Wash
The idea is to reduce the accumulation of oil and keratin (skin debris) in the hair follicle opening. Dr Aanchal recommends using a chemical exfoliant such as salicylic acid in cream or glue form. The salicylic acid helps to concentrate on areas where there are oil-forming glands. It then sheds the dead skin and lets the oil flow out smoothly. This reduces the formation of blackheads and whiteheads.

Dr. Aanchal suggests using a face wash with two percent salicylic acid. Apply the face wash on a damp face, form lather, especially on the forehead, nose, chin, and other areas where there is excess oil production. Remember not to exert too much force while rubbing the acid on your face. Leave it for about a minute and then wash it off with lukewarm water. This helps in loosening the keratin and reducing the accumulation of sweat or dirt in open pores. Apply it twice a day on oily skin; use it once a day on combination skin; and once or twice a week on dry or sensitive skin. 

However, after the face wash, the most important step is to rehydrate the skin. Apply a skin-suiting moisturiser which doesn’t block the pores.

Since comedones are tricky and vary depending on the skin type, salicylic acid face wash might not yield any results on some individuals. In such cases, Dr. Aanchal recommends using salicylic acid gel. For oily skin, the dermatologist recommends applying a small quantity to the affected area and leaving it overnight.

Retinoid For The Skin
Another basic compound advised for oily skin is retinoids. Apply it in small quantities to the affected areas and leave for an hour. Then wash it and finish off with a moisturiser. Retinoid is helpful in reducing sebum production and shedding the layer of dead skin. At the same time, Dr. Aanchal suggests using retinoids only if the skin permits - as Retinoid cream tends to make the skin sensitive to the sun. So, always apply sunscreen.

Adapalene Gel For Sensitive And Dry Skin
The dermatologist suggests Adapalene Gel for people with sensitive and dry skin. Use a small quantity on the affected area and leave it overnight. And remember to moisturise the skin twice a day.

At Home Remedy For Comedones
While there aren’t any basic home remedies to treat blackheads and whiteheads at home, Dr. Aanchal has a tip for treating them without scarring. Apply the salicylic acid face wash and leave it on for about two minutes, then wash it off. Then steam the face for about five to 10 minutes. Now, using a commode extractor, gently push the blackheads out. Finish the process by applying salicylic acid gel and then moisturising.

However, it is always advisable to visit a professional in the case of excess whiteheads or painful blackheads. At first, these small black and white bumps may appear to be harmless but as they grow in number, they cause irritation. 

These basic tips will help you embark on a journey towards a healthier and glowing skin.  

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