Juggling multiple responsibilities simultaneously puts pressure on women, causing them to overlook their health and disregard potential complications. Unhealthy eating patterns, inadequate nutrition, and lack of knowledge can result in nutrient deficiencies among women.

When someone fails to consume or absorb an adequate amount of a specific nutrient, such as a vitamin, mineral, or fatty acid, it leads to nutrient deficiencies. Doctors often rely on recommended intake and blood level ranges to identify these deficiencies. However, there is disagreement regarding whether these numbers provide a complete picture. However, maintaining a nutritious diet can prevent the development of health disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the prevalent nutrient deficiencies that impact women.

Common nutrient deficiencies in women

Iron deficiency

It is a prevalent condition characterised by a lack of iron, an essential mineral in the body. Iron plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, where it binds with haemoglobin to facilitate the transportation of oxygen to cells.

There exist two distinct forms of dietary iron: heme iron and nonheme iron. Heme iron, found exclusively in animal foods, is highly absorbable, with red meat being particularly rich in this form. On the other hand, non-heme iron is present in both animal and plant foods but is less easily absorbed compared to heme iron.

Vegetarians and vegans face an increased risk of deficiency since their diet relies solely on non-heme iron, which is not absorbed as efficiently as heme iron.

The most common consequence of iron deficiency is anaemia, characterised by a decrease in red blood cell count and the diminished capacity of blood to carry oxygen. 

Iodine Deficiency: Importance and Consequences

Iodine deficiency

Iodine plays a vital role as a mineral necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland and the production of thyroid hormones, which are essential for various bodily processes including growth, brain development, and metabolic regulation. Unfortunately, iodine deficiency remains a widespread issue, affecting approximately one-third of the global population. 

One of the most recognizable symptoms of iodine deficiency is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goitre. Additionally, people may experience an increased heart rate, shortness of breath, and weight gain. In more severe cases, iodine deficiency can have serious consequences. It has been linked to mental retardation and developmental abnormalities, highlighting the importance of addressing this deficiency promptly and effectively.

Calcium

Low levels of calcium are commonly observed in girls between the ages of nine and 18, as well as women above the age of 50. However, it is particularly crucial for postmenopausal women to prevent calcium deficiency, as it can contribute to bone loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis. People who are lactose intolerant or follow a vegan diet may also experience calcium deficiency, as they tend to avoid dairy products, which are a convenient source of calcium.

Folate

Folate, also known as folic acid, plays a vital role in promoting a healthy pregnancy and supporting the development of the foetus, particularly in relation to the formation of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Insufficient folate levels can result in birth defects like spina bifida, where the spine and spinal cord fail to develop completely.

Vitamin B12 deficiency

It is a prevalent condition characterised by inadequate levels of this essential vitamin. It plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells, digestion, and neurological function. While older women are commonly affected, women of all ages can experience this deficiency. Symptoms include anaemia, swelling of the tongue, cognitive difficulties, fatigue, muscle weakness, and tingling or numbness in the limbs. Vegetarian women are particularly susceptible to vitamin B12 deficiency due to the limited availability of this nutrient in plant-based foods compared to animal products, which are abundant in vitamin B12.

Deficiency of vitamin A

Vitamin A is an important fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, teeth, bones, and cell membranes. Additionally, it contributes to the production of eye pigments essential for vision. However, vitamin A deficiency remains a significant problem in many developing countries. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to both temporary and permanent damage to the eyes, and in severe cases, it can cause blindness. In fact, it is the primary cause of blindness worldwide. Furthermore, vitamin A deficiency can weaken the immune system and increase mortality rates, particularly among children and pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Conclusion

Deficiencies in nearly all nutrients are conceivable, but the aforementioned deficiencies are overwhelmingly prevalent among women. To avert deficiencies, the most effective approach is to consume a well-rounded diet consisting of whole, nutrient-rich foods. However, individuals who are unable to acquire sufficient nutrients through diet alone may require supplements.